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My
fieldwork concerned belief and practice in Spiritualism in contemporary
England. There has not been, as far as I know, any recently anthropological
investigation concerning Spiritualism in western societies. The exception
is Swatos' study of a famous Icelandic medium, but still, that study is
not contemporary. My choice of ethnographic region was England because Britain
was the first European country which opened itself for Spiritualism when
it first came from the US to Europe in the late 19.th century.
Then,
in the last part of the 19.th century and the first part of the 20.th
century, Spiritualism grew rapidly and spread to all parts of the population
in England and in the continental Europe. There
has been a lot of investigation concerning Spiritualism, but not about
Spiritualism in general. The early and later researchers were all concerned
about how to prove or disprove Spiritualistic mediums,
the Spiritual world, the eventually afterlife or to explain strange phenomena's
that occur during seances, or PK and telekinesis, among other related
phenomena which all are claimed to rest upon spiritual or (occult) mental
power. Those who have been (and indeed still is) investigating this, are
called psychic researchers. That's
absolutely not my intention. I will try to find out how and why someone
become mediums, who they are, who the spiritualists are, who and what
the spirits are, how the spiritual world are, what the afterlife is, which
levels in the afterlife exists and which is reachable in seances, how
are seances done and a lot more. These things are extremely interesting!
I
was conducting
my fieldwork from September 1997 to the beginning of April 1998. I participated
in demonstration seances (physical mediumship) and gathered a lot of data,
in addition to some tons of books I have read. |
| So how to make you own seances? |
All
the spiritualists I have spoken to agrees on this: do not use the
Ouija-table in your seances. That's because you don't have any control
with whom or what you might be able to come in contact with. But anyhow; using a Ouija-table or practising table-tilting is one way to try to develop mediumism, or to get the first contact from the other side. The trick is to not attach to deep reliability to the messages given, since they, as told above, could be corrupt in many ways. Also, it is essential to develop a circle (for the purpose of a sitting) with good conditions (see the Noah's Ark Society) and try to attend regular sittings. The quality of the sittings depends on time, and some of the best mediums have spent a lot of years developing their gifts. Don't expect anything, since every sitting (seance) is to be considered as an experiment. Also bear in mind that physical mediumship is far more rare than mental mediumship (as platform mediums in spiritualist churches). Consider the following event: Someone in you (r circle!) should fall into trance during a seance, stay cool. Maybe the spirits appear through a control-spirit through the medium (in trance), and the communication might be open. Usually the medium does not remember anything from the seance, as far as I know. The eventually mediums must be treated well, since the medium him/her self will then not be able to watch their own achievements, unless you get the permission to tape-record the seance. Duncans
case: A warning: The famous Scottish medium Helen Duncan was exposed
to flashlight from a small army of journalists during her last seance,
when she was in trance. No one had given any permission to take photos.
Well, this was Duncans last seance. Later she passed over. Ectoplasm:
During physical seances, according to the spiritualists, the spirits use
a psychic substance that they extract and build from the medium (in trance)
and in smaller quantities from the spectators (the sitters), which is
called ectoplasm. This substance can seriously harm the medium
if exposed to sharp white light, when the substance will subtract too
fast back into the medium, as mentioned in the Duncan case above.
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